Moral Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Moral Dilemmas - Essay Example In expressing about this issue, Russ Shafer-Landau contends that different good standards will in general be adequately autonomously to how an individual sees them. Kant’s moral hypothesis is marginally unique particularly how individuals see it. In characterizing moral issues, the Kant moral hypothesis is viewed as deontological whereby a person’s activities are ethically upstanding regarding excellencies of individual’s thought processes. For this situation, they should get from a specific obligation than tendency (Timmons 27). The assurance to act as indicated by his/her obligation generally beats the personal responsibility proof or the longing to do something else. Additionally, Kant contends the part of virtues of an individual’s activities with the way that they just live in adage or formal rule. On the other hand, it clarifies about the general responsibility of an individual to take part in a specific demonstration since it is his/her obligation to do as such (Timmons 35). This accordingly implies, obligation remains the need for an individual to carry on of retribution for the law. Thorough utilization of co mparable strategies towards this thinking would bring about an equivalent achievement while managing moral way of thinking issues. This along these lines implies that the possible standard of ethical quality should consistently be an ethical law that happens uniquely and has the capacity of managing a person towards a correct activity. In as much as the Kant’s hypothesis appears to be viable and applies to genuine occasions, this hypothesis of morals is imperfect and ineffectualness when utilized artistic (Timmons 32). By and large, the hypothesis neglects to mention to individuals what they ought to do particularly when their ethical obligations are clashing. Kant’s hypothesis of morals is completely broad particularly on a portion of the normal occurring as far as good morals and situations. In any case, the hypothesis isn't point by point and sufficiently compelling to manage individuals on the best way to

Designing a Formative Classroom Assessment Essay

Planning a Formative Classroom Assessment - Essay Example This paper gives an extensive developmental homeroom appraisal for English language students in grade 3. The English language students focused with this study hall appraisal are understudies in grade 3. On most events, English language students in this class experience issues in grasping exercises educated in English. It is a direct result of this that the errand picked for the reasons for this evaluation will be introduced in extremely straightforward and handily got English. In this evaluation, the understudies will be required to peruse a short paper and bode well out of the content. Be that as it may, before the understudies are given a content to peruse, they will be solicited to figure the storyline from the story book in the wake of having seen the spread page of the book (Gottlieb, 2006). The evaluation will likewise utilize VoiceThread that is an online appraisal device found in VoiceThread.com. There are endless reasons why this electronic appraisal instrument might be the most valuable for English language students. One reason is that it permits it clients to make discussions, reports, previews, recordings and graphs and offer them with others; particularly understudies. It is appropriate for English language students in light of the fact that the discussion voices and recordings can be caught with absolute lucidity subsequently helping these understudies note articulations in English and gain proficiency with the distinction of comparable words when utilized in various settings (Gottlieb, 2006). Another significant part of this evaluation instrument is the incorporation of pictures and graphs which can be useful in outlining composed records for English language students. Thus, the apparatus will be important in making the understudies further comprehend the short paper picked for the motivations behind this

Is Shylock a Victim or a Villain? Essay

Shylock: Victim or Villain? With close reference to at any rate three scenes analyze Shakespeare’s introduction of Shylock. Is a scoundrel somebody who loans cash to help other people however then charges premium? Aiming to get a pound of human substance bringing about unavoidable passing if a guarantee is broken, without a doubt this is someone who is seen as a scalawag. A similar man who has encountered partiality and segregation for his entire life simply because of his religion, which would be incomprehensible in present day, has this man currently transformed into a casualty? Shakespeare a play author of the sixteenth century, quite a lot more imaginative, advanced and educated then the Elizabethan crowd he composed this play for whom would have seen Shylock as a Jew a reprobate, presents Shylock in a progressively mind boggling way. Jews were thought of by Christians as obstinate non-devotees and were blamed for harming wells and spreading the plague. Shylock was demonstrated to be treated as every one of these things were valid, yet he had an unpredictability about him as a group of people today, against segregation and tolerating other religion and societies, would have sympathy, compassion and put him towards the casualty class. Anyway attempting to kill somebody for retribution, this is clear villainy to anyone now or a large number of years prior. All through the play we ask ourselves, is Shylock a lowlife or a casualty? Shakespeare expects this as he gives Shylock emotive addresses about imbalance, which repudiates Shylock similar to a scalawag. Shylock as a character speaks to the Old Testament, Judaism, which is the conviction of equity, retaliation and observing the law by the letter. Shakespeare gives an unmistakable message about Justice against Antonio for all that he has done towards Shylock; he needs to get his retribution inside the law henceforth the bond. Shylock discusses the Old Testament with Bassanio and Antonio in Act 1: Scene 3, â€Å"This Jacob from our Holy Abram.† Christianity, the New Testament, follows leniency and absolution. The Duke and Antonio both show kindness towards Shylock when he has indicated none. Shakespeare initially presents Shylock in Act1: Scene3. With no stage headings we need to interpret what a character resembles just through what they state. â€Å"Three thousand Ducats-well.† His first line is about cash. Shakespeare immediately gives us the feeling that his lone premium is cash. This is additionally the situation when he is at home with Jessica, his little girl and away from work. He clarifies how he longed for cash packs yet doesn't recognize his girl or show her any warmth. Anyway we later discover that cash isn't the main thing at the forefront of his thoughts however his aching disdain for Antonio. Shylock despises him for he is a Christian however more since he loans cash with no premium. â€Å"I detest him for he is a Christian. In any case, more, for that low in effortlessness he loans out cash gratis.† Antonio’s loathe is responded as he contrasts Shylock and the Devil and different creatures like canines. In the ring plot including Portia and the coffins the principal Prince is from Morocco, who was dark, picked the gold coffin yet it was not the right one. The composition of a Devil according to An Elizabethan crowd was dark. Moreover he has been related with the fallen angel by his own little girl and furthermore Salerio and Salanio alluded to him as the villain in Act 3: Scene 1. This contempt between them is acquainted uniquely with develop all through the play. Shakespeare is exceptionally smart and drops implies about Shylock’s character and the moves he will make toward the beginning of the play. Shylock mumbles â€Å"Cursed be my clan, in the event that I ever pardon him.† He will show no benevolence towards Antonio and he doesn't in the preliminary scene in Act 4: Scene 1. It difficult to choose whether Shylock is a casualty or reprobate when he is first presented as we find out about what he has needed to endure, being known as a â€Å"misbeliever†, â€Å"cut throat dog† and others spitting on his facial hair for the explanation that he is a Jew. We have sympathy and compassion toward the things he has needed to suffer which implies we can't stick to a one of a kind perspective on Shylock as a scalawag. He needs individuals to regard him and like him yet he can't show any love or regard towards his own little girl. He shows a similar disdain back towards Antonio and in the event that he gets him out, â€Å"If I get him once upon the hip, I will take care of fat the antiquated resentment I bear him.† he will deliver his retribution. Winding up all the scorn he has acquired has made him give the doubt and contempt to others without being absolutely mindful he is doing as such. Minutes after the fact he discusses being Antonio’s companion and charging him no intrigue. This abrupt difference in feeling and thought gives the crowd a doubt that he is arranging something. We no longer consider him a casualty alone, he has indicated us through his discourse and activities that he has a villainies route about him. He despises him for he is a Christian similarly as the way Antonio loathes Shylock for he is a Jew. Would it be a good idea for us to now feel compassion toward Antonio? We don’t and I think Shakespeare has chosen to depict Shylock as additional as a Victim in this scene is to catch the Elizabethan crowd alone. A casualty is something contrary to what they would have thought of him yet Shakespeare is attempting to communicate something specific. They would have however of him to be a cliché reprobate yet he isn't Shakespeare has added multifaceted nature to his character. A connection among father and little girl is unquestionably the most valuable, the connection among Shylock and Jessica. Anyway we before long gain proficiency with a very surprising anecdote about the unfriendly condition when they are as one and the profoundly covered contempt of Shylock from his lone Daughter. Act 2: Scene 3 is the place we initially meet Jessica, we figure out how miserable she is happy to leave her old neighborhood and convert to Christian so as to be with Lorenzo and away from her dad, â€Å"I have a Father, you a Daughter lost.† Jessica is additionally embarrassed to be her Fathers kid. Again we hear correlations among Shylock and the Devil: ‘Our house is heck, and thou, a cheerful Devil’. Shylock has not seen Jessica’s odd conduct, excessively found his own issues and fixation on cash. This gives us that despite the fact that he may cherish Jessica he doesn't show it, he isn't keen and can’t read his own daughter’s despondency. Act 2: Scene 3 when we initially find out about her ability to get away to Act 2: Scene 6 when she leaves with Lorenzo for Belmont. The unavoidable occurs however was this, the defining moment for Shylock. Was his little girl fleeing the fact of the matter were Shylock would go similarly as endeavoring to slaughter a man for his retribution? In any event before he had somebody who admired him, cherished him and took care of him, or so he thought. The disgrace would have overpowered him, his own fragile living creature and blood transforming into a Christian. I think he dreaded the most what others would state; they would ridicule him considerably more once this news had spread. Shylock, his lone youngster that he has purchased up solitary has fled, disregarding him absolutely as he has just been bereaved. He is obviously controlling over Jessica, â€Å"Do as I offer you, shut entryways after you. Quick tie, quick find.† This controlling way could likewise be ascribed to the over defensive nature of a caring single parent. Shakespeare has expected for us to consider Shylock the person in question and we identify with him and yet we feel for Jessica. In Act 2: Scene 5 we see Shylock and Jessica alone. Toward the beginning Shylock talks about cash in a roundabout way indeed, he is distracted and thinks more about material things than his solitary little girl. Shakespeare likewise depicts the relationship as an ungainly one with Jessica not saying a lot however when she does it is a falsehood: â€Å"His words were ‘Farewell Mistress’ and nothing else.† When, truth be told, they had been discussing Lancelot. A Christian. She is hesitant from the outset: â€Å"Call you? What is you will?† yet by the end she is letting her feelings and genuine sentiments out: â€Å"Farewell and if my fortune be not crossed, I have a Father, you a girl lost.† Shylock doesn't have the foggiest idea about his own girl yet holds something over her, which makes her frightened and somewhat embarrassed to sell out him. Through Jessica we consider Shylock to be an old, barbarous man. Fallen angel, heck, blood, embarrassed and repetitiveness are generally words that Jessica identified with her dad. In the sixteenth century girls ought to have regarded their dads, even right up 'til today they despite everything appear to be somewhat o utrageous. These words don’t show regard, just loathe. In Act 2: Scene 8, Shakespeare has chosen to play this scene so we hear the data second hand. Salerio and Salanio are tattling about how they have seen Lorenzo and Jessica on a Gondola getting away. The two characters could play this scene in a giggling way loaded with jokes. I think this is the means by which Shakespeare proposed it to be played. Doing it like this would mean as a crowd of people we would likewise be impacted by the kidding environment and in this way feel less thoughtful towards Shylock. The Elizabethan crowd would have cherished this, as they would be in the shoes of Salerio and Salanio, ridiculing Shylock about his misfortune. We would feel significantly progressively thoughtful if Shylock had spoken this discourse without anyone else. Anyway in this scene Shakespeare depicts Shylock as a reprobate in the manner he discusses the trip of his Daughter. A solitary parent loosing their lone little girl ought to have been the most noticeably terrible conceivable result possible. Disturbance, trouble, sadness and outrage ought to have been the things that were felt. They were however not for his girl Jessica, yet Shylocks cash, gems and riches. Our compassion develops as Shylock is depicted as a casualty however is stripped away when we learn he is progressively keen on his valuable stones and gems that have been taken: â€Å"My little girl! O my ducats! O my little girl! †¦ And gems, two stones, two rich and valuable stones. Took

Short Story - 1465 Words

â€Å"Yes, it is. Who’s asking?† Reno’s supervisor had taken the day off due to sickness when they went to speak to him and they were not told when he would return. Coates was glad to have him on the phone to clear up some poking questions. She hung up and leaned back in her seat. â€Å"Well, the supervisor doesn’t know much. He said Reno works from 9 am to 5 pm, they are a small vending company and he works in the shipping department. According to him, Reno works hard, doesn’t miss many days and he’s never been written up. He said he gets along with everyone.† â€Å"What about cameras?† Chay asked. â€Å"None on site. We need to take a trip to his job to see if he could come and go without being noticed.† â€Å"While were out, we might as well check out some of†¦show more content†¦Since she lived alone, no one should be going in and out,† Coates said. â€Å"So you still think it’s the boyfriend?† â€Å"Reno. Yeah, I think it’s him. Something tells me that the friends and family alibis are going to check out. But his alibi, I don’t know. He works from 9 to 5.† â€Å"Yeah, that puts him the proximity of the time of death. Something tells me that his roommate, who is his cousin will back up his story. Let’s see if his alibi holds water. There are no cameras and the only eyes we can rely on are his co-workers. We would have to work our butts off to prove that it’s him and I don’t want to build a bias case trying to prove a theory.† â€Å"True. I’ll make sure to keep an open mind, but I can’t help it. My blood’s itchy, and I think he’s going to scratch it. I don’t see the family or the victim’s best friends wanting to her hurt. But we will follow where the leads take us and go from there.† â€Å"Are you ready?† Coates asked. Chay grabbed his jackets. â€Å"Let’s do this.† Chapter 3 â€Å"Mama, look at Savannah’s last Facebook post.† Sitting in front of the computer in the family room, Lynn had been scrolling through Savannah Facebook for hours. She’d laughed and cried, but after hours of going through it, she took notice of certain things. Darlene walked over and leaned in to see what Lynn was referring to. â€Å"See.† Lynn pointed to an entry Savannah had posted.Show MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. 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Why Equal Pay Helps Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1906 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Minimum Wage Essay Did you like this example? The idea for capitalism is to favour private property rather distributing property amongst others. This gives the wealthy an upper hand. These rules of economic justification for sexism and discrimination These rules allow them to lie and cheat whomever. The federal government had mandated a minimum wage increase about $15 in 2020. However, they ignore the fact that increasing wage is the leading cause of inflation. This leads to people paying more than they can actually attain. The real answer to improve society economically is equal pay. This old concept was thrown under the rug for years. This proposed idea by John F. Kennedy was promoting equality among pay for all ethnicities and women. Equal pay can help give better revenues for the company based on an increase of working staff, productivity, and trade. These include more jobs for the masses and better quality of products. A minimum wage increase contributes to high inflation because jobs and businesses cant give everyone that amount to live otherwise, these jobs and business will go broke and have to shut down their establishment . This gives fewer opportunities of employment for experienced and low-skill alike because there are no more jobs to provide money. The lower classes (Or any class) will become desperate to turn towards crime because they cant afford anything and there are lack of products to help sustain the masses. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Equal Pay Helps Society" essay for you Create order The conditioning of wages are more based on the background, age, sex, education, or ethnicity of the worker than their actual work progress. In 2015, the average hourly wages for Educated Black and Hispanic men were between $14-$15 compared to white men ($21) and asian men ($24). While women who are also educated, they are paid even less than men; asian women ($18) as an median hourly wage, white women gain $17 as an median hourly wage, Black gain $13 as an median hourly wage and Hispanic women gain $12 as an median hourly wage (Patten pp. 3-13). For males with College degrees or high school degrees will earn 80 percent of a White mens ($32) and Asian men?s ($35) salary while Hispanic and Black men have 70 percent of a white mens wage even with a college degree, roughly (Patten pp. 7). White people earned 88% of Asians wage of $903; Black people earned 73 percent of $657 in wage; Hispanics earned 67% of $603 in wage. The reason for the statistics are to explain how women will have to wait at this rate until 2059 for equal wages. Hispanic women will have equal wages until 2248 while Black women will have to wait until 2124 (Milli and Hayes- Pay Equity and Discrimination pp. 3). This include ages amongst women, 16 to 24 earn 92 percent of mens earnings; 25 to 34 earn 88 percent of their earnings; 35 to 44 earned 80 percent; 45-54 earned 73 percent; 55 to 64 earned percent; 65 and older earn 70 percent of mens earnings (NWLC Par.3) . Especially, when comparing education levels with non-graduates (69%), High school graduates (74%), College dropout (73%), Associate degree (77%), Bachelors degree (74%), Masters degree (73%), Professional degree (68 percent) and Doctorate degree (77%). If Minimum wage was condoned for 15.3 million single women, who were widows, divorced, separated or never married would drop high poverty rates by 10.8 to 4.4 percent especially with 25.8 million to 43 million children, would benefit from this wage (Milli and Hayes- The Impact of Equal Pay on Poverty and the Economy pp. 4). The amount of taxes and mortgages for mothers, who work are cut in half for 56.1 million to 3.1 million children. The United States economy would produce more income by $512.6 billion; about 2.8 percent increase for Gross Domestic Product (Milli and Hayes- The Impact of Equal Pay on Poverty and the Economy pp. 4) if women had equal pay. These numbers on a grand scale includes others with a deficit. This can boost morale and commitment of productivity amongst employees. Expensive legal fees, cost of court fees and filing fees (When win a case, legal fees are already paid for) and reputation loss (It brings the best in employees) would be reduced of risk if the business or manager are sued. The Equal Pay Act (or revised version) can conduct or have businesses give a better gist their evidence. Equal pay will stop the wealthy from getting the upper hand. These rules no longer justify their racism and sexism while everyone within the state boundary are paid the same. The purpose of this contribution is making better revenues for a better working staff and increase productivity and trade so everyone can have a lucrative job that will help feed and house their families. From a perspective of a businessman, it would neither help reduce poverty nor improve economy growth based on higher wages would give others less of a chance. Their business wouldnt able to afford more employees for the job, which means products would be slowly distributed among consumers; if there would be enough items. The money accumulated from those products wont be able to help pay for the business nor the employees; this leads to bankruptcy. According to James K. Galbraith, PhD, Professor of Government at the University of Texas in Austin, when businesses are not able to pay off employees; the government will use a minimum wage increase to reduce the federal budget deficit, which would reduce spending on public assistance programs and increase the tax revenue while countering inflation. The populus may be given specific amounts of pay for the inflation. They are paving a shortcut to pay without worrying about corporate control or limits on minimum wages. It is said that wage should be determined by free market instead of federal control. It would not matter either way because a persons power can decide whether to pay unequally or fair. The prices on mediocre products would increase prices drastically from free market. It would be controlled by the employer so they are no technical limits from government interference. The employer can decide what monetary value for the individual to live on rather than work ethics and experience in a profession, sometimes. The profits from businesses that theyre making will not be enough give back to the workers. These businesses will require them to increase the prices (along with sales-tax) of that item. Otherwise, these businesses would become bankrupt and evicted. It leads to high unemployment rates. This decision would lead to a stock market crash because the U.S. is already in debt ($21.5 Trillion). The income for poor and middle classes would be leveled with debt, some will benefit and most will fall. Besides, if the individual works in a Metropolitan or city-like landscape. They wouldnt be able to afford living costs in rentals. These businesses and the government would argue that increasing minimum wage would give enough money to help pay for their education. By increasing their wages, teens get the opportunity to finish high school and those who are progressing into College (or in it) can now pay off a little bit more of their debts from loans. They would include that minimum wage help poverty with a lack of funding for schools. The guardians (or the children themselves) cant afford an education with those wages. The prices for supplies within and outside the educational environment will rise alongside everything else. Especially, if they noticed that their monetary support for food or to house themselves. These economic classes with that allowance still cant afford lunch or breakfast at school. Those who believe that increasing wage can help out crime filled slums by finding a better path but according to Boston Colleges website, Minimum Wage and Crime, []that it would decrease murder by 6.9 percent and decrease theft by 3.7 percent. A minimum wage would increase theft, violence and drug sales by 1.9 percent among 14 to 30 year olds (Fuller and Janofsky pp. 15). They wont be able to use that type of criticism towards whoever applies for their next job if society continues with the wage increase. They never include that the stakes for inflation will be high, which would increase prices on goods and jobs wont require a lot of employees. This will increase unemployment rates. The idea of Capitalism is not for the many, but for the few. This gives some of the wealthy a way to justified their actions through laundering and extortion. An equal pay can help equalize for both sexes and all races. This decision helps increase staff, productivity and trade, which gives more chance of a job for the masses and better quality products. If Congress gets notified about this idea, society will improve on most aspects like poverty, sexism and discrimination that divides America. This nation will become a sanctuary for those who are different, but looking for the same interest, money. The life-preserver through the sea of greed and heartache, until the government decides to discard Minimum wage. There will be a hierarchy over the heads of millions as the lower and middle classes fight for their scraps. Works Cited https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance/why-equal-pay-important https://dpeaflcio.org/programs-publications/issue-fact-sheets/why-women-dont-deserve-equal-pay/ https://iwpr.org/publications/impact-equal-pay-poverty-economy/ https://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/final_nwlc_equal_pay_report.pdf Patten, Eileen. Racial, Gender Wage Gaps Persist in U.S. despite Some Progress. Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 1 July 2016, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/01/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress/. pp. 3-13 https://uclacha.org/2015/10/29/equal-pay-benefits-everyone-not-just-women/ https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance/what-business-case-equal-pay https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/multipage-guide/equal-pay-audit-larger-organisations Pay Equity Discrimination. Edited by Barbara Gault et al., Institute for Womens Policy Research, Institute for Womens Policy Research, 31 Oct. 2018, iwpr.org/issue/employment-education-economic-change/pay-equity-discrimination/. pp. 3-4 https://minimum-wage.procon.org/ 10 Significant Pros and Cons of the Market Economy Economy. Edited by Crystal R. Lombardo, Global Issues Blog, ConnectUS, 16 Aug. 2015, connectusfund.org/10-significant-pros-and-cons-of-the-market-economy. Andrew Beauchamp and Stacey Chan, The Minimum Wage and Crime, bc.edu, Nov. 18, 2013 Mantel, Barbara. Minimum Wage. CQ Researcher, 24 Jan. 2014, pp. 73-96, library.cqpress.com/ cqresearcher/cqresrre2014012406. Katel, Peter. Minimum Wage. CQ Researcher, 16 Dec. 2005, pp. 1053-76, library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2005121606. Minimum Wage ProCon.org. Should the Federal Minimum Wage Be Increased?, 25 Sept. 2018, minimum-wage.procon.org/. Minimum Wage Hikes a Poor Step Towards Prosperity. The Sun (San Bernardino), 10 Jul. 2018. SIRS Issues Researcher,https://sks.sirs.com. Lammam, J. charles,Hugh Macintyre, and David Hunt. Its Crystal-Clear: Minimum Wage Hikes Hurt the Poor. Whitehorse Star, 01 Sep. 2017, pp. A.15. SIRS Issues Researcher, https://sks.sirs.com. Seattle Wins Fight for $15, but Low-Skill Workers Lose. USA TODAY, 06 Jul. 2017, pp. A.7. SIRS Issues Researcher,https://sks.sirs.com. Lombardo, Crystal. 18 Should Minimum Wage Be Raised Pros and Cons. Vittanaorg, Crystal Lombardo, 21 June 2018, vittana.org/18-should-minimum-wage-be-raised-pros-and-cons. Garthwaite, Craig. High Minimum Wage Equals High Unemployment. Employment Policies Institute, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Dec. 2003, www.epionline.org/oped/o76/. Furchtgott-Roth, Diana. Column: Raising the Minimum Wage Lowers Employment for Teens and Low-Skill Workers. PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 16 Dec. 2016, www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/column-minimum-wage-lowers-employment-teens-low-skill-workers. Syrios, Andrew. Yes, Minimum Wages Still Increase Unemployment | Andrew Syrios. Mises Institute, Mises Daily Articles, 6 Feb. 2015, mises.org/library/yes-minimum-wages-still-increase-unemployment. Furchtgott-Roth, Diana. Column: Raising the Minimum Wage Lowers Employment for Teens and Low-Skill Workers. PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 16 Dec. 2016. Sherk, James. $15 Minimum Wages Will Substantially Raise Prices. The Heritage Foundation, The Heritage Foundation, 19 Jan. 2017, www.heritage.org/jobs-and-labor/report/15-minimum-wages-will-substantially-raise-prices. Binkovitz, Leah. Minimum Wage Workers Cant Afford Rent. Rice Kinder Institute for Urban Research, Rice Kinder Institute for Urban Research, kinder.rice.edu/2018/06/13/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent. Government Historical Debt Outstanding Annual 2000 2018. Reports, Public Debt Historical Information Archives, 30 Sept. 2018, www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/reports/pd/histdebt/histdebt_histo5.htm. Solman, Paul. Analysis: 5 Reasons the Market Is Crashing, and 2 Caveats. PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 5 Feb. 2018, www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/analysis-five-reasons-the-market-is-crashing-and-two-caveats.

Mayan Civilization Ancient Civilizations - 1314 Words

Mayan Civilization The mayan civilization was one of the earliest civilizations that occupied areas that are today known as Guatemala, Northern Belize, and Mexico. The mayan civilization lived through what is known as the Classic Period. Their culture began about 250 C.E. and ended near 900 C.E. While most of the population lived in what is present day Guatemala the population of the mayans rose from 5,000 to almost two million people near the end of the Classic Period. Although the mayans are known for their cultural unity, the mayans were an advanced civilization that can be analyzed through their advancements in technology. To begin with, the mayan civilization was an advanced civilization that can be analyzed through its advancement†¦show more content†¦Through the usage of slash and burn agriculture the mayans demonstrated their advancement in agricultural techniques by creating a fertilization that required nothing less than the own forest they burned. Furthermore, the mayans would develop their own tools as well as farming methods such as terracing and irrigation which would help them preserve the land for the next centuries. The Britannica Encyclopedia states that the mayans used tools such as the hoe hence they had not discovered the invention of the iron plow. Unlike today s hoe, it consisted of a blade set at geometric right angles attached to a long handle which would make it effective when digging through tough soil. Moreover, the Britannica Encyclopedia writes, â€Å"they used advanced techniques of irrigation and terracing.† Terracing was the agricultural method in which the mayans would either plant their crops on mountains or on the side of hills. Through this method the mayans were not only able to preserve more water but they were also able to prolong the fertility of the soil they used by reducing its erosion. In addition to the preservation of water, the mayans applied the usage of irrigation. Irrigation was the farming met hod of either applying water to where it was needed or removing water from areas that had an excess amount. By using irrigation the mayans were able to increase production of crops while also improvingShow MoreRelatedThe Mayan Civilization : Ancient Civilization1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mayan Civilization: For many centuries the Mayan was of life was a mystery to archaeologists. Their geography, social structure, government, economy/trade, technology, writing, and arts were all thought to be forever lost. Now, as archaeologists are still uncovering more information, what was once referred to as â€Å"The Lost Civilization of Maya†, has been awakened from the grave of unknown. Geography: The ancient Mayan Civilization surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean stretchedRead MoreAncient Civilization And The Mayan People917 Words   |  4 PagesEvery ancient civilization had a set of beliefs and the Mayan people were no different. The Mayan people believed in two worlds, the â€Å"everyday world and the underworld, or the Place of Awe,† (2012). The Mayans believed in many gods, human sacrifice and the burial process for the poor and the kings were very different. The Mayans became around 250 AD and the Olmec’s influenced their religious culture. It was not until 900 AD that the Mayans began to flourish in cities across modern day Mexico, GuatemalaRead MoreThe Ancient Mayan Civilization : A Rigid Social Structure1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ancient Mayan Civilization was built upon a rigid social structure based on their religious beliefs. They used a caste social structure in which divisions were based on wealth, inherited rank, privilege, profession, or occupation. Their beliefs were based on the fact that nature elements had the power to either help or harm. The Ancient Mayans used their social structure and beliefs to shape their daily lives. The Mayans were a very religious. They believed in many gods and all events centeredRead MoreAncient Maya Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Maya Essay Matthew Pitcher Mrs Meligrana Ancient Civilizations June 8th, 2011 Pitcher1 The Ancient Mayan civilization stands out from other ancient civilizations and is great because of its outstanding achievements and developments. The Mayans are still known to this day for their exceptional architecture, medical discoveries, astronomy, and military tactics which were very successful. In this essay I will explain what the Mayans have achieved to make themselvesRead MoreFactors That Affect The Rise And Fall Of Civilizations Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesRise and the Fall of Mayan Civilization Area and Egyptian Civilization Area In ancient time, environmental factors were very important. It directed the people to where they should settle to practice agriculture for their living. 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Mayans builtRead MoreThe Cultural Similarities Differences Between the Inca and Mayan Empires619 Words   |  3 PagesInca and Mayan empires existed at different times in history, they have a few things in common. Like other societies throughout history though, they have many things that set them apart from each other. The biggest similarity they share is that they both had control of massive empires that eventually ceased to exist. To start off with, the Mayans existed earlier in history than the Incas. The Mayans existed from 1000 BC to AD 1697 and no one is quite certain what wiped out their ancient civilizationRead MoreEconomy in Early American Civilizations: Maya, Aztecs and Inca865 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic systems of early American societies were very similar. One of these societies, the Mayans, lived in southern Mexico and northern Central America from the 3rd to the 10th century CE, and they relied on the trade of goods such as obsidian and crops such as cacao beans. 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Many scholars and historians have been baffled by the discoveries of these similarities due to the fact that these cultures were not only hundreds of miles apart but also were separated by hundreds of years. The ancient Egyptian civilization located in northern Africa around 3,100 B.C. is considered to be one of the cradles of civilization and also a major contributor to the technology

Global terrorism free essay sample

The word â€Å"TERRORISM† is a word that literally terrorizes people all around the world .But first of all what that this word terrorism mean . Terrorism is not new, and even though it has been used since the beginning of recorded history it can be realatively hard to define. Terrorism has been described variously as both a tactic and strategy; a crime and a holy duty; a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination. Obviously, a lot depends on whose point of view is being represented. Terrorism can also be stated as the use of violence to achieve a political goal. Yes violence is there; striking terror is there, but for what reason? It is either to establish a government or to destroy one, or to establish a state, or to create one, or to destroy a state. In some cases, terrorism has been a means to carry on a conflict without the adversary realizing the nature of the threat, mistaking terrorism for criminal activity. Because of these characteristics, terrorism has become increasingly common among those pursuing extreme goals throughout the world. But despite its popularity, terrorism can be a nebulous concept. Even within the U.S. Government, agencies responsible for different functions in the ongoing fight against terrorism use different definitions. HOW DOES AMERICAN AGENCIES DEFINE TERRORISM: The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as â€Å"the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.† Within this definition, there are three key elements—violence, fear, and intimidation—and each element produces terror in its victims. The FBI uses this: Terrorism is the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. The U.S. Department of State defines terrorism to be premeditated politically-motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience. THE RISE OF GLOBAL TERRORISM: What is global terrorism? How does a terrorism rise into a global terrorism? When the activities of any violence or terror those been remarked as terrorism is being done globally it causes global terrorism. In other words it can be defined as the terrorist activities that involves a forigen lands can also be termed as global terrorism. This global terrorism is usually carried by an organization against any group of people, nation or religion. In most of the global terrorist activities the terrorist target is any distant nation or involving two or more nations or organizations globally. Global Terrorism attacks are usually carried out in such a way as to maximize the severity and length of the psychological impact. Each act of terrorism is a â€Å"performance† devised to have an impact on many large audiences. Terrorists also attack national symbols, to show power and to attempt to shake the foundation of the country or society they are opposed to. This may negatively affect a government, while increasing the prestige of the given terrorist organization and/or ideology behind a terrorist act. GLOBL TERRORISM is a pejorative term. It is a word with intrinsically negative connotations that is generally applied to ones enemies and opponents, or to those with whom one disagrees and would otherwise prefer to ignore. What is called terrorism, Brian Jenkins has written, thus seems to depend on ones point of view. Use of the term implies a moral judgment; and if one party can successfully attach the label terrorist to its opponent, then it has indirectly persuaded others to adopt its moral viewpoint. Hence the decision to call someone or label some organization terrorist becomes almost unavoidably subjective, depending largely on whether one sympathizes with or opposes the person/group/cause concerned. If one identifies with the victim of the violence, for example, then the act is terrorism. If, however, one identifies with the perpetrator, the violent act is regarded in a more sympathetic, if not positive (or, at the worst, an ambivalent) light; and it is not terrorism. WHAT GIVES RISE TO TERRORISM IN THE WORLD? The one question that everyone asks is why there is a need for terrorism in the world. this question has multiple answers. First of all terrorism is a activity that is caused by a person or any organizations termed as terrorist. So what makes ordinary persons turn to terrorist is the first thing we have to think . I invite you to ask yourself, how does a beautiful newborn child transform into a terrorist? There are many complex answers to this question, but in the final analysis, it is caused by tremendous pain leading to tremendous rage, and the directing of that rage towards a foreign people, in this case, ourselves. The lure for terrorist groups seeking new recruits is an offer of relief from this pain, either in this life or the next. As Gordon and Corinne so poignantly stated, the only way to end terrorism is to end the pain and suffering which makes it possible. These pain and social deprivation or any other social issue or a grudge against any religion, organization or a entire nation is the main cause for the increase in terrorism in the world . Nearly everyone agrees that in all things change is inevitable. I would add to this that all change is growthful. Even changes that are outwardly regressive and harmful eventually lead to deep suffering, forced new insight, and forward growth. Thus, growth is not optional. It is an inevitable part of existence. The only option or choice is whether we will grow consciously and joyously or unconsciously and painfully. In early 1975, the law enforcement Assistant Adminstration in the United States formed the National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. One of the five volumes that the committee wrote was entitled Disorders and Terrorism, produced by the Task Force on Disorders and Terrorism under the direction of H.H.A. Cooper, Director of the Task Force staff. The Task Force classified terrorism into six categories. Civil disorder – A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community. Political terrorism – Violent criminal behaviour designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes. Non-Political terrorism – Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits â€Å"conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective.† Quasi-terrorism – The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction.[75] For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostagesis a quasi-terrorist, whose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different. Limited political terrorism – Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionaryapproach; limited political terrorism refers to â€Å"acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological orpolitical motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state. Official or state terrorism –referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.† It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorismdefined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

How do the opening sequences of Dracula and Frankenstein position the audience Essay Example

How do the opening sequences of Dracula and Frankenstein position the audience Essay During the opening sequences of Dracula and Frankenstein, the director positions us very precisely so that we are mentally forced to continue watching.But what makes a good film opening? An opening for a movie has got to interest the watcher enough to continue watching; otherwise the film will be for void. Therefore, it is one of the most important pieces in the movie jigsaw. We are usually captivated to watch on by our curiosity. For example, in the opening of four brothers we are interested to find out what is to happen to the old Mrs. Mercer, who is trapped by two life threatening thugs. Similarly, in Dracula and in Frankenstein we are tipped off with too little which leaves us asking for more. In Dracula we wonder what happens to Dracula after he has drank the blood within the grail. Is this the point where he turns evil? Will he die? Live? Or something else? These are all questions that flutter through our heads. As with Frankenstein, from when we see an unknown creature terrori zing the snow, automatically we say, What is that? It is this temporary thirst for trivial knowledge that keeps our eyes glued to the screen.As with all films, a camera is essential and 99.9% of the time used in the same way, but its the style of angles that makes a movie different from the rest. Different angles convey different perspectives of a subject. For example, a low angle shot would make the subject seem large, powerful, destructive. This makes the viewer feel threatened and small, placing them in a position of inferiority. A close up shot shows best the expression on a persons face, which helps us to feel empathy for character, or to give us a clear idea of the emotions a person is feeling in a certain situation. In the case of Dracula, a close up is used during the passionate kiss between Dracula and Isabella. This makes us feel closer to the scene and gives us a much clearer idea of the emotions the characters are feeling, also instructing us what to feel ourselves.Also in Dracula, when we see a close up of Draculas face after he has seen the late Isabella, it makes us sympathise with Dracula, which leads to our empathy towards why he chose to go against his own church and become a vampire. In Frankenstein the close up shot is used similarly. When we see the stranded crews terrified faces we instantly receive fear ourselves. Though we are not actually in danger, the close up scene makes us feel as though we are actually there, in the midst of an unknown monster attack. The extreme close ups in the very first scene of Frankenstein were used hectically and haphazardly. This doesnt add too much to the emotions but more towards the action thats taking place on the ship. It makes it seem as though so much is happening at one time, yet we cant manage to see it all at once, which gives us a unique need to see more of the goings on on the ship, forcing us to watch on.Panning shots are used mainly to establish setting, but can also be used to follow action, in which case in becomes a tracking shot, or to improve an action in a scene. Tracking shots are used in Dracula to follow the war silhouette scene as it moves east towards its gory climax; this gives us a little bit more out of what could have been a small, tedious clip. A long shot is also combined with the tracking shot in this scene too. Though pointless in establishing setting because of the incredibly plain background, it is extremely useful in instituting the characters placement on stage. In Frankenstein, as the director already knows we have a thirst to see more of the surroundings, he finally gives us our wish, by using a panning shot which spans north from south to the top of the ship. This relaxes the anxiousness slightly, in all causing more room for more intense action.Aside from Camera, colour also sets a mood in its own unique way, hand in hand with lightening. Colour can tend to instill certain feelings in a viewer, depending on their average definition of it. Ligh ting can work with colour to reinforce its mood or weaken it depending on what the director wants. An example of colours power in Dracula is the first war scene. The background is pure deep crimson, only obscured by jet-black silhouettes of fighting or dying warriors. Colours effect is that we instantly get the feeling of danger. This is because wherever we are in life red means trouble; blood, fire, warning signs are all red, so we tend to go through life in fear of this shade. The blood red accentuates the feeling of danger in the scene as the shadowed fighters attack each other. The silhouettes are metaphorically highlighted against this background, which makes it clear what the director wants us to focus on. Shadowed people also help to instil fear, as we cannot at all see their faces so we take on the horror of all humans the fear of the unknown.What could these people do to us Who are these monsters? All planned questions by the director that we formulate ourselves. Moreover in Frankenstein it is more the lighting that takes control of mood. For instance in the very first action scene, the lighting is incredibly dim with only relatively bright light coming from the small number of rocking lamps along the ship. This instils the same fear as the one caused by the silhouettes in Dracula the fear of the unknown. No one has seen what truly lurks in the sea so nobody knows what could come to attack him or her next: that is what we feel for ourselves. The orange lamps seem like the only place where you can be truly safe, so we feel a need to want to stay near to them, yet we know that a light cant protect us from evil. This mixed feeling is also illustrated in the light itself, as it illuminates orange. As orange is a mixture of red, a dangerous colour normally, as well as yellow, a colour usually associated with safety. This shows that the director had this in mind to sub-consciously trick us into confusion of a secure site.The things we see also position th e audience according to the directors wishes, whether they somehow let on something, or whether they create additional atmosphere or mood. For example, in the very first scene of Dracula we see a cross on top a church spire. The effect of this is that instantly we know that this movie is going to have something to do with religion or God. It also gets our mind working through the denotation to connotation process. The average denotation is a cross, however its the connotation the director wants us to see. Connotation, Jesus, Christianity, religion, sacrifice. It is these connotations that we run through the possibilities of the film within our minds. Another example is the background of a scene which has a handwritten map on it.Again, denotation: map. Connotation: a quest, treasure, something to hide, something to find, a place to go or meet up in. One of the most important examples in Dracula is that of the final scene of the opening, when the candles bleed. The denotation is a ble eding candle, but the connotation is one that the story of Dracula itself runs on; new life being killed and the start of an evil beginning. Before the opening, we are to think Dracula was a very chivalrous, brave and respectable man, yet after this, he is untrustworthy, murderous and deplorable. Frankensteins symbolic nature is infrequent compared to Draculas yet more potent. In Frankenstein we are shown the moon, an object worshipped by ancient tribes. The denotation is simple, just the moon; the connotation however is by far the most important to the opening story. The connotation is that it is said to be the ruler of the seas. The next scene is one where a ship is ravaged by the seas harsh and utterly destructive nature. Because these two scenes are adjacent to each other it gives us a place to drop blame as we watch the action, now without the weight of the who did it? question.The symbols in the movie would not be possible without mise en scene, the technical expression for wh at is put on stage. The audience cannot be positioned in any manner without proper mise en scene, as it would not at all be believable. Mise en scene covers a variety of film instruments, including props, background, lighting, colour, character costumes and acting styles, movement of actors and even make-up. First up: background. The many backgrounds in Dracula drastically affect the effect that a scene has. For instance, in the church, the many religious designs, symbols and object make us know its a church and so makes our minds to predict what is to happen here.The directors positioning of the audience depends on this. Typically you would expect something clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, such as Dracula coming to worship, but you are quickly surprised and horrified at what actually happens. The feeling of insecurity runs through your body, leaving you wishing for more twists; now you feel as though you dont know what can happen next this is where the director positioned you. In Frankenstein, after the ship fighting the waves the ship ends up in a snow scene. Every inch of eyesight is covered with snow, apart from the ship and a few crewmates. It is expected that nothing will happen and that the ship will be fixed in due course, yet once again the director proves us wrong. An unknown monster attacks, which is completely out of the status quo in a snow wasteland. The director has positioned us in the same way as the director of Dracula did we dont know what could happen.Another hugely important part of Mise en scene is facial expression and body language. This is a very deciding factor in whether the movie is believable or not, so therefore it is extremely important towards the directors ability to position the audience. In Dracula, when Dracula discovers that Isabella had killed herself his face was completely blank with shock, first. This is something that would actually happen in real life called an emotive overload, in which there are so many things a person wishes t o say or do, that they cannot act on one of them. However, abruptly after Draculas overload, he goes into a vigorous frantic rage due to his anger, which is a part of the stages of acceptance.The director realises that the audience knows these facts and uses it to his advantage; this makes them have a tiny thought in their mind that the story may be true and that it could even happen to them. In Frankenstein, the crewmates are deathly frightened when the unknown creature comes to attack them. As I stated before, humans are naturally afraid of the unknown. Clearly the director is aware of this, as the crewmates begin to run with their eyes wide open, mouths agape. They also clamber together in a huddle, trying to get as close to each other yet furthest away from the creature as they can. This is another human reflex which is commonly associated with the phrase, theres safety in numbers. The director knew that there is safety in numbers and was trying to prove that point to the audien ce, with the purpose to increase the fear in those watching the movie alone.Music and sound effects seriously affect the reality of a movie and its fear or comfort factor. A slow, soothing melody can calm the soul, yet a thrilling, quick-paced one can electrify it. Not to say that a slow song cant be frightening though. The most chilling music is found during the war scene and the church scene in Dracula. During the church scene there are many Victorian choirs, which is a clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ for church area in a horror film, yet subconsciously, it injects fear into you. Though almost 100% of the time not realised the correct music can remind you of things you are scared of and so, makes you fear the music.The most common is the Victorian music, which takes you back to a time where people were killed unjustifiably and painfully, a world only feared from your history books and never dared to imagine. This type of music also helps to build tension and suspense, all the way up until that all important and devastating climax at the end. Imagine for a second the scene without the choirs in the background. Would it have the same effect? No. Would you be as shocked at the climax as before? No. Would you want to turn away from the screen? Yes. The music is another grip on your eyes created by the director to stick you to your television screens and projection walls. Also in Dracula, the sound effects of the war scene really bring the gory nature to your realisation.Without those, you would just have visual sensations, which arent too much catered for by the movies audio-visual capabilities, and to those who look for more feeling in a movie. Quite simply, the strength of the scene would be weakened. The gory sound effects also open up the imagination of the audience, causing more of an experience. As the silhouettes have no faces nor expression, the sound effects help to generate additional visual to what the person is feeling, or how they look now. The director purposely does this so that people who watch the film can tell others, that they received more of a viewing experience. It makes the audience feel as though they must tell someone else to watch the film, otherwise they are doing an injustice to the world. In Frankenstein, musical is used differently yet similarly. Similar in the way it is to produce an effect; different in the effect that it creates. In Frankenstein music is used in the first scene to promote action and improve tension. The power of a violin is used in quick sudden strikes followed by long lasting chords in the background. The strikes represent the chaos happening on the ship musically.They appear to sound from everywhere leaving no escape. As the chords come in it makes us feel as though something is to happen in the movie itself, as though a bad act of karma is imminent. Audience members then feel glued to their seats to see what is to happen, and to see whether their self-made predictions were reality. In the next scene o f Frankenstein, where the dogs are first attacked in the snow the amount of sound effects were definitely noticeable. This is extremely important not just to the reality of the scene, but the mean of it too. Without the sound effects to accompany the death of the dogs, we would assume that they just died because of the cold. The cold? It seems unthinkable when you have actually seen it with the sound effects. Also, if they died from the cold, there would be no initial alert and possible the Frankenstein tale may not have unfolded.If a person feels as though what they are watching is not probably what they want to watch, this is because the genre conventions within the film text are opposing to their likings. If a person does not watch the film, it is impossible for the director to position the audience in any way. Horror of course is the dominant genre in Dracula, closely followed by religion and then romance is. We know this because of the conventions of the genre that we find in t he movie; for instance, Horror. In a horror movie there is normally human blood everywhere, or death happening now, next and soon. In Dracula, after the cross was stabbed, blood literally started to go everywhere and come out of just about anything including the candles. Also, there is quite a lot of death in the opening sequences, mainly from war. Though from fighting, the death still counts as death and so furthermore proves horrors dominant effect in the movie. Religions presence is felt from the causes of the war; two contrasting religions, Islam and Christianity.Also, when Isabella committed suicide it was described to Dracula as sacrilege. Sacrilege during life will lead to an eternal afterlife in agony in hell, the complete opposite side to what Christians hope to achieve in death. Romance is discovered when Isabella and Dracula share a very passionate kiss, before Dracula goes off to war. Kissing is a trademark clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of romances, and so its solid proof that roma nce exists in this film. Moreover, Isabella kills herself because she fears that Dracula has perished in battle. This shows her real devotion to Dracula that says if I cant live with you, I may not live at all. Devotion is yet another marking of romance, which solidifies its presence. Frankenstein the novel altogether, is a gothic genre. Although, the opening sequences have the markings of an action film, or a chiller. I say an action film because in the opening, there was (quite frankly) a lot going on. The weather was destructive, the ship was barely staying upright, people were falling off the edges, lamps were rocking like illuminated pendulums, and people were shouting like there was no tomorrow, which for them at that time there probably wasnt. Many things get destroyed in an exciting manner in action films, usually with people in peril to accompany it. Therefore it is extremely clear towards the possibility of someone watching this opening clip, thinking that theyre in for an action packed adventure ride. This opening also has the chiller factor because of how we see the monster attack the dogs; we do not see the creature at all. We do not see what it looks like or where it is, yet we see one thing: the damage it can do. That fear metaphorically sends a chill down your spine leaving you feeling apprehensive and anxious a characteristic of a chiller film.Directors also try to send hidden messages in their movies, which you may or may not realize are being sent to you. This makes you feel as though you want to or do not want to be like this person, creating more opportunities for the director to position you or make you feel something. For instance in Dracula, Dracula starts off as a very noble and respectable warrior with a lover. Everyone feels as though they want to be like Dracula for a short while until he discoverers that Isabella has died. Next we feel that a great tragedy has happened to Dracula, so we change our minds to be our normal selves aga in, yet have sympathy for Dracula. We then lose our sympathy for Dracula when he goes into his rage and stabs the cross but, that sympathy changes into empathy and so we watch on without as much disgust as we would have before. This shows Draculas human side, and makes us think about what we would actually do in this situation ourselves. Dracula in this case represents the breaking point of humans, in which that everyone has a limit to as much suffering or injustice that they can take.In Frankenstein it is a little more difficult to follow a characters representation, as many characters shift throughout the opening sequences. One of the main characters is the captain of the ship. We feel almost the same as in Dracula here; we admire the captains valour in the face of danger, as he successfully survives the storm, to stop at a snow-covered land. Also, when Frankenstein arrives and the monster starts to attack, he admits to nearly no fear. It is this bravery that makes us link with th e captain, making us follow his ways throughout the film. The captain represents that people should face their fears no matter what, as most the time it has good results. Another character to follow was Frankenstein. When he first arrives we are very suspicious of him, and we feel a unique amount of mystery emanating from him. We only tend to follow him because of his leadership in face of danger when the monster attacks. This is because it seems he knows much more about this unknown creature than we do, so it seems right to listen to him. Frankenstein represents the fact that we all cant know everything at that sometimes it is best to follow someone elses ways, if you want to survive.One of the main factors in audience positioning is the narrative perspective. In a novel, the narrative is given by the author through words and phrases. In a movie, the narrative is given by the director, through the lines you hear and the scenes you see. The director has a choice of what to show you or tell you, therefore you really get the directors side of the story rather than an all sided tale; this is the narrative perspective. It allows the director to make you know what he wants you to know, so that parts can be kept secret to build tension. In Dracula, the narrative perspective is given by the fact that the director shows us the story before Dracula turns evil. This runs on the saying every tree has a root which basically means everything has a beginning. As the director shows us this it signifies his empathy for Dracula, hopefully making us feel the same thing for him. This makes the sinful events that are to come up in the movie to become softened; this results in Dracula seeming to a soft side, making people much more linkable to him. In Frankenstein, the narrative perspective is given when we see the dogs getting attacked, yet we dont see the actual attacker. This shows that the director knows of the attacker, but feels as though its identity should stay secret for the moment. Consequently this builds tension until the one point where we finally see the assassins visage. Also, it is a holding factor, meaning that it is a distinct reason for the audience to watch on, preventing any time for idling during watching.To Summarise, the opening sequences of Dracula and Frankenstein position the audience in different ways. In Dracula, we are left in a feeling of apprehension, anxiousness and disgust. This is because the director convinces us temporarily that the story is true, then when were down, uses camera angles and lighting harmoniously and artistically. He then uses controversial acts toward religious symbols to yank our attention, whilst fear inspiring choirs fill our ears of course, still leaving a message behind which lasts with us throughout the film. In Frankenstein the director gets our hearts racing, as we feel we are actually on a sinking ship, only mother nature herself to save us then, giving us a healthy dose of fear when an unknown creature attacks.The director hear leaves us wanting to know much much more, as it appears the movie is going to go into a flashback, which would reveal more of Frankensteins past. To compare, both of the films uses similar methods of positioning us to feel exactly what the director wishes, in turn making improving the video a great deal. Personally I feel as though after watch both these openings I wish to not only watch the video, but buy it and get other people too. They are both opening that leave you wanting for more, without putting you too much in the dark, so that you dont turn away.

Free Essays on Rap

Rap Music; It s impact on society since it s birth. The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines rap as a rhythmic chanting of usual rhymed couplets to a musical accompaniment. The purpose of this paper is to show how rap music has come to be. Also, citing the many performers who have mad this form of music what it is today. Rap is a large part of our society and its evolution is proof that this personal style of music will be around for a very long time. Rap music as a musical form began among the youth of South Bronx, New York in the mid 1970 s. Individuals such Kool Herc and Grandmaster Flash were some of the early pioneers of this art form. Through their performances at clubs and promotion of the music, rap consistently gained in popularity throughout the rest of the 1970 s. The first commercial success of the rap song Rapper's Delight by the Sugar Hill Gang in 1979 helped bring rap music into the national spotlight. The 1980 s saw the continued success of rap music with many artists s uch as Run DMC (who had the first rap album to go gold in 1984), L.L. Cool J, Fat Boys, and west coast rappers Ice-T and N.W.A becoming popular. Today, in the late 1990 s rap music continues to be a prominent and important aspect of African- American culture. Rap music was a way for youths in black inner city neighborhoods to express what they were feeling, seeing, and living and it became a form of entertainment. Hanging out with friends and rapping or listening to others rap kept black youths out of trouble in the dangerous neighborhoods in which they lived. The dominant culture did not have a type of music that filled the needs of these youth, so they created their own. So, rap music originally emerged as a way "for [black] inner city youth to express their everyday life and struggles" (Shaomari, 1995, 17). Rap is now seen as a subculture that, includes a large number of middle to upper white class youths, has grown to support and appreciate rap music. Ma... Free Essays on Rap Free Essays on Rap Rap Music; It s impact on society since it s birth. The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines rap as a rhythmic chanting of usual rhymed couplets to a musical accompaniment. The purpose of this paper is to show how rap music has come to be. Also, citing the many performers who have mad this form of music what it is today. Rap is a large part of our society and its evolution is proof that this personal style of music will be around for a very long time. Rap music as a musical form began among the youth of South Bronx, New York in the mid 1970 s. Individuals such Kool Herc and Grandmaster Flash were some of the early pioneers of this art form. Through their performances at clubs and promotion of the music, rap consistently gained in popularity throughout the rest of the 1970 s. The first commercial success of the rap song Rapper's Delight by the Sugar Hill Gang in 1979 helped bring rap music into the national spotlight. The 1980 s saw the continued success of rap music with many artists s uch as Run DMC (who had the first rap album to go gold in 1984), L.L. Cool J, Fat Boys, and west coast rappers Ice-T and N.W.A becoming popular. Today, in the late 1990 s rap music continues to be a prominent and important aspect of African- American culture. Rap music was a way for youths in black inner city neighborhoods to express what they were feeling, seeing, and living and it became a form of entertainment. Hanging out with friends and rapping or listening to others rap kept black youths out of trouble in the dangerous neighborhoods in which they lived. The dominant culture did not have a type of music that filled the needs of these youth, so they created their own. So, rap music originally emerged as a way "for [black] inner city youth to express their everyday life and struggles" (Shaomari, 1995, 17). Rap is now seen as a subculture that, includes a large number of middle to upper white class youths, has grown to support and appreciate rap music. Ma...

Problem-solution essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem-solution - Essay Example Their behavior was a result of the severe psychological problems developed in result of unfriendly treatment by their classmates. The tragedy occurred with David and Paul is not just a unique case that should be recognized as an accident. However, this accident could have been avoided if both boys had enough proper parental care, if there were developed effective social programs against income and racial inequalities; and government bodies have restricted the gun control legislation. The accident could have been avoided if both boys had proper parental care and awareness of their sons. Lack of proper parental care was one of the main problems that have caused the tragedy at the public high school, attended by David and Paul. Parents had to try to understand this issue and pay more attention to their children, increase their parental care and awareness. While Paul and David were adolescents’ age, they needed more attention from the closest people, who would be able to understand their problems. Even though the parents of these teenagers were not directly mentioned in the case, their indirect participation or better to say lack of parental participation in the lives of their children was a critical point. First of all, parents are the people who should listen to their children, support them and help to solve their problems. Considering this parental responsibility, David’s and Paul’s parents had to resolve the psychological problems of their s ons by taking effective measures. They could speak by their own with sons, support them and give useful advice, provide them with a psychological support and optimism. If this failed to work, there was an alternative to hire a specially trained psychologist, with experience in working with adolescents. Also, David’s and Paul’s parents could take a decision to change school and thus to â€Å"relieve† boys from the unfriendly social treatment. However, neither David nor Paul

Leading Generation X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading Generation X - Essay Example Transactional leadership does not stimulate extra role behavior, rather it tends to encourage and promote in-role behavior, however with general standards of behavior being eligible for a reward if higher than optimum expected levels. The relationship between a transactional leader and his followers is purely an economic exchange, doing more than what is expected or achieving extraordinary things are not likely to be appreciated (Pillai et al, 1999). Doyle and Smith (no date) in their discussion of classical leadership theories, have also mentioned the views put forward by Bass (1985) on the potential for existing transactional leadership patterns to be transformed, in order to cater to the more sophisticated demands that are made upon leaders today. The transactional approach may be more relevant in serving the self-interest of employees and may thus lend itself well to Generation X-ers. (Doyle and Smith, no date:7) The traits theory that is explicated in most detail in the article by Rodriguez, Green and Ree (2003), essentially centers upon the general traits or qualities all leaders were thought to possess, which differentiated them from their followers. This article also points out the difficulties in application of the Traits theory, since it does not take into account the situation or context within which a leader is required to make decisions. Another drawback with the Traits theory is that the list of qualities enumerated by Gardner (1989) contains a motley mix of traits, such as behavioral traits, skills and abilities, temperament and intellectual abilities. Lastly, the list of traits is closely associated with maleness and the attributes on Gardner’s list are male; as a result females are not viewed as viable leaders (Rosener, 1997). As a result, the traits leadership model may not be appropriate for generation X-ers where there is a large representation of women in

Bob Knowlton Self Concept Essay Example for Free

Bob Knowlton Self Concept Essay Analysis As part of the analysis we examine Bob’s Self-Concept and the following characteristics with regards to complexity, consistency and clarity. Bob’s locus of control is also considered and the impact this had on his relationships at work with his colleagues. Fester’s individualism is also considered. Bob’s Self Concept Bob’s Low Self-Concept Complexity Bob has a low complexity as he perceives his most important identity to be work related – he defined his self-concept by his work. The positive side of Bob’s low complexity enabled him to become a relatively successful, skilled engineering, as he invested more in his skill development and focused his attention on his work. However, the low complexity caused Bob great stress when his main self-concept, defined by his work), was threatened by the arrival of Fester, a much more brilliant, driven engineer. Bob perceived Fester’s arrival as a threat by challenging all aspects of Bob’s self-concept, not only his technical expertise, but also Bob’s leadership of the team when Fester became the informal leader by default as Bob conceded defeat and essentially abandoned his role as group leader. Bob’s Low Self-Concept Consistency Bob’s has a low self-concept consistency. Bob’s leadership style was focused on teamwork and collaboration and he prided himself on motivating his team by including them in group problem solving and decision making. However, this self-concept was inconsistent with how Bob really perceived himself and the disconnect present between his position as team leader and his ability to lead. Bob acknowledged to himself that the team’s collaborative style brought him a sense of security in that he did not actually have to lead the team. Bob focuses on the team to the exclusion of his leadership role essentially using his team to mask his insecurities with respect to his ability to lead. Another example of Bob’s low inconsistent self-concept is his accepting Dr. Jerold’s praising of Fester, when he clearly did not agree. Bob’s Low Self-Concept Clarity Bob has low self-concept clarity; he does not have a clear, confidently defined, stable self-concept. This is apparent early in the case as evidenced by his belief that his â€Å"stumbling upon† a significant breakthrough led to what he considered his â€Å"miraculous† promotion to team leader of the Photon Unit rather than it being based on his skills and abilities. Bob lacks the confidence to deal with Fester, who he perceives as more brilliant and driven. As the case progresses and Fester brings group conflict and openly challenges Bob’s leadership, we see Bob become inconsistent with his behavior. Fester challenges Bob’s collaborative approach with the team and Bob’s lack of confidence meant that he in essence surrendering his leadership by agreeing to re-examine how the team works together and make it about individual updates. Bob’s Locus of Control and Self-Evaluation Given Bob’s behaviors and reaction to Fester, Bob has a low locus of control and is externally motivated. Bob didn’t feel in control of his environment and was unwilling or unable to take steps to control the environment. We have seen that Bob already believes he received the promotion because of external â€Å"miraculous† forces. Although initially, he does feel he has control as team leader, his underlying external focus of control becomes more apparent when Fester is introduced to the group. Fester’s group interactions and individuality presents a new situation for Bob. Bob internalizes the conflict with Fester and openly wonders if he is there to replace him, causing Bob a great deal of stress as he feels he does not have control over the situation. The situation quickly deteriorates as Bob visibility and relevance to the team are diminished and Fester’s increases. Bob’s Self-Concept Conclusion Bob’s low or negative Self-Concept (low complexity, consistency and clarity) greatly influenced Bob’s behaviour and ultimately his decision to resign. Bob’s low self-concept created a great deal of stress and he experienced immense amount of internal-intra personal conflict and tension. Bob’s low Self-Concept meant that Bob could not adapt to what he perceived as threats outside his control. His perceived inadequacies meant that he was not able to face the issues and overwhelming internal conflict he was experiencing. He consistently avoided confronting any of the issues and thus the only action he could take to release himself of this conflict was to resign. Fester’s Individuality and Group Norms Fester is introduced to the group unexpectedly and although initially helps the team solve a problem previously thought to be unsolvable; he goes against established group norms and almost immediately creates conflict. Fester is clearly â€Å"more brilliant† than any of the team members and his individual approach is in direct contrast to the team –based, collaborative approach establish by Bob. He challenges the group norms directly, suggesting the team meetings are a waste of time and is openly dismissive of others. Fester is very confident in his abilities but lacked the social skills to integrate successfully into the group. Although Fester individuality isolated him from the rest of the group, he dominated the leadership of the group to the point of essentially forcing Bob to change the structure of team meetings, from teamwork based to individual updates. This reinforced Fester’s individual approach. Fester’s individuality influenced the group, and particularly his negative influence on Bob grew and went unchallenged, and the conflict it brought ultimately had a negative impact on the Photon team and Simmons. Recommendations 1. Jerrold should meet with Bob and find out the true reasons for Bob’s resignation. Jerrold should ask Bob to return to Simmons by telling him of the plan to increase Bob’s team and offer Bob a substantial raise to return to Simmons. 2. Jerrold should consider undergoing leadership and communication skills training to help him develop the prerequisite skills to manage his teams effectively. 3. Jerrold should become more involved with the teams under his leadership, through developing a clear and compelling direction for the team and ensure his articulates that directly to this team. 4. Jerrold should strive to increase communication and participate in regular team meetings and incorporate individual meetings to ensure his is aware of and understands any issues or concerns. 5. In the future, the team leader (Bob’s replacement) is included in the recruitment and selection of new team members. 6. Dr. Jerold should meet with the Photon team members individually to gain an understanding of how the situation affected the team and get their feedback on what their needs. Team building and intergroup communication skills should then be introduced to ensure team members have the tools to work effectively together.

Youth :: Phylanthropy, Celebrities

The people that youth look up to should send a positive message to the young. They should be concerned about the development of america and the well being of the children that have to grow up in our time of war. Michael Jordon sends a positive message to kids such as "stay in school" and "dont do drugs". Michael donates a portion of his wealth to all sorts of charities and fund rasers. His work with youth has been improved on by doing disney movies such as "Space Jam". That particular movie didn't promote any drugs or any foul language. Other celebrities such as Brad Pitt haven't performed in any motion pictures that promote good values that children should live by. Take for example Brad pitts movie "Seven". Would you want your children to be watching a movie that promotes murder into some sort of masterpiece about the seven deadly sins? Or his movie "Fight Club", would you want your children to watch a movie that promote nothing but fighting and eventual terrorist groups destroying several buildings with Nytro Glycerin? Children are exposed to all sorts of celebrities, and you as a parent should help them along the way and find one that has set a good example to live by. Children should have a good role model like Michael Jordan who promotes charities and plays in the NBA. The idea of playing in the NBA would make any young child jump for joy at the thought of having the chance one day to do so.

The Critique of Dr. Larry Crabb and Dr. Ron Hawkins

Two theorists, Dr. Crabb and Dr. Hawkins have different theories but the same goal in mind when discussing integrating spirituality and psychology. The ultimate goal for all theorists should be to reach the needs of the client. Dr. Crabb discusses the difference between the process of a secular counselor and those of a Christian counselor. He explains that even though their ultimate goal is the same the avenue they take is different due to a different set of rules. Dr Crabb‘s theory relies heavily on the Bible and Abraham Maslow’s classical needs hierarchy. Dr Crabb describes the difference in how people perceive their problems, some take ownership, and other may blame the environment. According to Dr. Crabb, our reactions to our difficult life experiences take one of three forms: guilt, resentment or anxiety (Crabb, 1977). In Dr. Crabb’s book, Effective Biblical Counseling, he summarizes a three-level counseling program which can be performed by members of the church, using the concept that every Christian can minister the word of God. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation The first level is about educating the members of the church members on the basic practices and principles of biblical scripture, strategies of counseling and the tools to use to accomplish the counseling. The second level the uses scripture to persuade the client to perceive the situation and solution christianly. By using scripture to explain the situation and solution the client make the comparison to their situation. The third level is establishing a character which displays godly behavior that conforms to the standards of the church. The counselor should represent Christian values and principles in their everyday life. Dr. Crabb also discusses his four approaches to integration of Christianity and psychology. The first approach and the most balance of Dr. Crabb’s four approaches are â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians† (Crabb, 1977). In the teachings of this approach Dr. Crabb changes the direction of teaching away from the traditional teaching that man has three parts. Dr. Crabb suggests that man has only â€Å"two parts; physical and personal, or material and non-material† (p. 88). The physical side belonging to the material side and the spirit and soul belonging to the immaterial side (p. 88). This approach also teaches that psychology is under God’s perfect, incapable of mistakes, brilliant revelations. According to Dr. Crabb scripture is to have precedence over non-biblical opinion in a purposeful capacity. The second approach is â€Å"Separate but equal†. This viewpoint establishes that psychology and spirituality does not mix anymore than if a person needs a serious operation they do not go to the bible for direction, they go to the hospital. Scripture is used to help a person deal with their troubling emotions or teaching of lessons. For example inProverbs 4:23 states, â€Å"above all else, guard your heart, for it is the wellspring of life. † The â€Å"heart† includes the mind and all that proceeds from it. Next we have the â€Å"Tossed Salad† approach which blends theology and psychology. It can be confusing because it does not blend in with secular concepts when suggesting Biblical truth. Last approach is the â€Å"Nothing Buttery† approach which disregards psychology all together. This approach says that all that is needed is Christ. â€Å"This is clearly seen in Paul’s commendation to Timothy: â€Å"†¦ from infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work† 2 Timothy 3:15-17 (King James Version). He suggests that most patients are self centered because they seek counseling in their desire to be happy. He navigates away from the teachings that man is a tri-part creature and suggests that man has a two part division: The material side and immaterial side (p. 88). He explains that the path to true happiness is to be like Christ. He believes the goal of counseling is spiritual and psychological maturity and concern in helping people enter into greater worship and affective life of service. Dr. Crabb explains in his book that â€Å"Maturity involves two elements: long range character growth and immediate obedience† (p. 3). He feels that by using the seven stage model a counselor will be able to identify where wrong belief was learned, encourage expression of emotions surround beliefs, support the client as they change their beliefs, helping the client decipher the true meaning of the word, securing a commitment from the client to act on these beliefs, build a plan with the client on what action needs to be taken with their new beliefs and help them identify their lack of sin rel ated feels and the presence of â€Å"spiritual feelings†. Dr. Hawkins (2010) utilizes a set of concentric circles to demonstrate the factors that make up an individual. He starts with the innermost self, which is the core self. He explains that a healthy psychological person has a Holy Spirit at the core, He adds more circles to show how the individual’s personality in influenced. This is similar to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory, which describes an individual’s development within the context of the individual’s environment. Unlike Dr Crabb, Dr. Hawkins emphasizes more on working with the client to build an intervention where the client will take ownership of the strategy and process of personal change. Dr Hawkins describes the first phase of a four phase model to understand the real problem. The client talks the counselor listens. Phase two, is paraphrasing and tracking what the client is really saying. Phase three is setting up a plan of action involving the client so the client is engaged in ownersh ip for this plan of action and responsibility for its outcome. In the final phase the counselor supports and guides the client to take accountability in the process of change. Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses Both these theories are similar and the outcome will be the same but the execution is different. In both theories the strength outweigh the negative because they are letting the client learn about themselves and how to breakdown their own problems. Both men rely on God’s guidance to lead in changing hurting humanity. Each model is well put together and easy to use. Dr. Crabb’s theory is more detailed whereas Dr. Hawkins’ presented his model in a more condensed form. Dr. Crabb proposes the counselor guides the client to be godly like and use the scriptures from the Bible to help the client understand the situation in comparison of a parable in the Bible, the compare the solution to what can be done to fix the problem. Dr. Hawkins theory starts out with the core self and explains that a psychologically healthy perso n has the Holy Spirit at the core. As he adds circles to tailor the influences to the client’s individual environment and life events explain the client’s personality. The Counselor listens to the client and then paraphrase to make certain of the problem. The client is involved in the plans and goals of overcoming the situation. By doing this the client can take accountability and responsibility of the outcome. Personal Reflection and Application In reflection of both these theories, I agree that the client should be guided in understanding the problem and in using the biblical parables to build a comparison to the underline problem and the best solution. As Christian children we are taught from the bible and use biblical verses to understand what’s and why’s of life. In using Dr. Crabb’s theory we can break down what is going on in the conscious mind and what is hidden in the unconscious mind. As counselors, we can breakdown the how the problem developed and what we can do to change the situation. We can guide the client into making these changes to better their lives. Dr Hawkins’ theory makes the client be responsible for the outcome by using the demonstrating the concentric circles to demonstrate how the problem gave birth to using the client’s environment and personality to change the situation and have a better outcome. I, personally was very interested in Dr, Crabb’s four approaches of integrating Christianity and psychology, especially the â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians† (Crabb, 1977). As he explained that in this approach Dr. Crabb that man has only â€Å"two parts; physical and personal, or material and non-material† (p. 88). The physical side belonging to the material side and the spirit and soul belonging to the immaterial side (p. 88). When working with clients in a Christian Counseling scenario scripture is to have precedence over non-biblical opinion in a purposeful capacity.